Керамические наполнители различного элементного состава, работающие при температуре до 1000 оС
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2026-3-19-23Keywords:
tubular electric heater, heat-conducting insulation material, insulation resistanceAbstract
The article discusses solid ceramic insulation materials that are used to fill high-temperature tubular electric heaters for industrial equipment. These heaters are supposed to operate at temperatures of up to 1000–1200°C. To ensure reliable operation of a heater under such conditions, it is crucial to use highly heat-resistant insulation materials. High-power heaters commercially available in the market are mainly offered by foreign manufacturers, with an average heating temperature of 500°C. With the purpose to develop domestically produced analogues of high-temperature tubular electric heaters and also to increase their operating temperature to 1000℃, the article analyzes the most commonly used ceramic fillers with different elemental compositions: aluminum oxide α-Al2O3, magnesium oxide MgO, and boron nitride BN. Using the method of measuring insulation resistance, the dielectric characteristics of ceramics were studied when heating them from 20℃ to 1000℃ in increments of 100℃ to determine the temperature at which the insulation becomes inoperable. The insulation resistance in the operating state (up to 1000°C) becoming less than 1 MΩ was taken as the inoperable state criterion; the minimum allowable value of the heater insulation resistance after its manufacture should be at least 20 GΩ at room temperature. A TM-5001 megohmmeter with a measurement range of up to 5 TΩ (with a nominal current of 1 mA and an error of ±3% of the measured value +20 units of the lowest digit) was used as a measuring instrument. The measurements were carried out at a voltage of 5 kV. It has been found that magnesium oxide (which becomes inoperable at a temperature of around 750°C) showed poorer results in comparison with aluminum oxide (which becomes inoperable at temperatures of around 790°C and 820°C. Boron nitride has the best insulating properties (it becomes inoperable at a temperature of around 970°C) and can be recommended for use in high-temperature tubular electric heaters.
References
1. Колесов С.Н., Колесов И.С. Материаловедение и технология конструкционных материалов. М.: Высшая школа, 2007.
2. ГОСТ 13236—2024. Порошки периклазовые электротехнические. Технические условия.
3. Karato S., Wang D. Electrical Conductivity of Minerals and Rocks // Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. Рp. 145—182.
4. Hansen K.K. Magnesium-oxide Boards Cause Moisture Damage Inside Facades in New Danish Buildings // Proc. Intern. RILEM Conf. Materials, Syst. and Structures in Civil Eng. 2016. Рp. 151—161.
5. Gasc J. Electrical Conductivity of Polycrystalline Mg(OH)2 at 2 GPa: Effect of Grain Boundary Hydration-dehydration // Phys. Chem. Miner. 2011. V. 38(7). Рp. 543—556.
6. Fuji-Ta K. Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Brucite under Crustal Pressure and Temperature Conditions // Earth, planets and space. 2007. V. 59(6). Рp. 645—648.
7. Kuenzel C. The Mechanism of Hydration of MgO-hydromagnesite Blends // Cement and Concrete Research. 2018. V. 103. Рp. 123—129.
8. Santos Jr.T. Mg(OH)2 Nucleation and Growth Parameters Applicable for the Development of MgO‐based Refractory Castables // J. American Ceramic Soc. 2016. V. 99(2). Рp. 461—469.
9. Gieseke W., Freund F. The Influence of Molecular Hydrogen on the Conductivity of Magnesium Oxide Containing Paramagnetic Surface Defects // J. Phys. and Chem. Solids. 1977. V. 38(2). Рp. 183—186.
10. Precise Ceramic. Alumina (Al₂O₃) [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.preciseceramic.com/products/alumina-al2o3.html (дата обращения 28.05.2025).
11. Сироткин О.С. и др. Проводниковые, полупроводниковые, диэлектрические и магнитные материалы. Казань: Казан. гос. энерг. ун-т, 2017.
12. Pat. No. 104284460 China. Tube Heater with High Power Electric Heating / Han Qunxia e. a.
13. Pat. No. 101854750 China. Pressurized Hydrogen and Xenon Electric Heating Device / Du Zhigang.
14. Boron Nitride Powders for High Thermal Conductivity Insulation Resin Sheets [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/research/report/027/pdf/027-19.pdf (дата обращения 28.05.2025).
15. Пат. № 563429 СССР. Керамический наполнитель для фрикционных материалов / Чумичев Б.М. // Бюл. изобрет. 1977. № 24.
16. Pat. No. 3993562 Europe. Heizpatrone mit Keramischer Vergussmasse / Patrick Le Coent.
17. Правила устройства электроустановок [Электрон. ресурс] https://en-res.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/pue.pdf (дата обращения 28.05.2025).
---
Для цитирования: Степаненко А.Д., Лукьянов В.В., Демченко М.В. Керамические наполнители различного элементного состава, работающие при температуре до 1000 оС // Вестник МЭИ. 2026. № 3. С. 19—23. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2026-3-19-23
---
Работа выполнена в рамках программы Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации «Приоритет 2030»
---
Конфликт интересов: авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов
#
1. Kolesov S.N., Kolesov I.S. Materialovedenie i Tekhnologiya Konstruktsionnyh Materialov. M.: Vysshaya Shkola, 2007. (in Russian).
2. GOST 13236—2024. Poroshki Periklazovye Elektrotekhnicheskie. Tekhnicheskie Usloviya. (in Russian).
3. Karato S., Wang D. Electrical Conductivity of Minerals and Rocks. Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013:145—182.
4. Hansen K.K. Magnesium-oxide Boards Cause Moisture Damage Inside Facades in New Danish Buildings. Proc. Intern. RILEM Conf. Materials, Syst. and Structures in Civil Eng. 2016: 151—161.
5. Gasc J. Electrical Conductivity of Polycrystalline Mg(OH)2 at 2 GPa: Effect of Grain Boundary Hydration-dehydration. Phys. Chem. Miner. 2011;38(7):543—556.
6. Fuji-Ta K. Electrical Conductivity Measurements of Brucite under Crustal Pressure and Temperature Conditions. Earth, Planets and Space. 2007;59(6):645—648.
7. Kuenzel C. The Mechanism of Hydration of MgO-hydromagnesite Blends. Cement and Concrete Research. 2018;103:123—129.
8. Santos Jr.T. Mg(OH)2 Nucleation and Growth Parameters Applicable for the Development of MgO‐based Refractory Castables. J. American Ceramic Soc. 2016;99(2):461—469.
9. Gieseke W., Freund F. The Influence of Molecular Hydrogen on the Conductivity of Magnesium Oxide Containing Paramagnetic Surface Defects. J. Phys. and Chem. Solids. 1977;38(2):183—186.
10. Precise Ceramic. Alumina (Al₂O₃) [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.preciseceramic.com/products/alumina-al2o3.html (Data Obrashcheniya 28.05.2025).
11. Sirotkin O.S. i dr. Provodnikovye, Poluprovodnikovye, Dielektricheskie i Magnitnye Materialy. Kazan': Kazan. Gos. Energ. Un-t, 2017. (in Russian).
12. Pat. No. 104284460 China. Tube Heater with High Power Electric Heating. Han Qunxia e. a.
13. Pat. No. 101854750 China. Pressurized Hydrogen and Xenon Electric Heating Device. Du Zhigang.
14. Boron Nitride Powders for High Thermal Conductivity Insulation Resin Sheets [Elektron. Resurs] https://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/research/report/027/pdf/027-19.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 28.05.2025).
15. Pat. № 563429 SSSR. Keramicheskiy Napolnitel' dlya Friktsionnyh Materialov. Chumichev B.M. Byul. Izobret. 1977;24. (in Russian).
16. Pat. No. 3993562 Europe. Heizpatrone mit Keramischer Vergussmasse. Patrick Le Coent.
17. Pravila Ustroystva Elektroustanovok [Elektron. Resurs] https://en-res.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/pue.pdf (Data Obrashcheniya 28.05.2025). (in Russian)
---
For citation: Stepanenko A.D., Lukyanov V.V., Demchenko M.V. CCeramic Fillers of Various Elemental Compositions Operating at Temperatures up to 1000 °C. Bulletin of MPEI. 2026;3:19—23. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2026-3-19-23
---
The Work was Carried Out as part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation's «Priority 2030» Program
---
Conflict of interests: the authors declare no conflict of interest
