REVIEW OF THE STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF ELECTRIC TRACTION DRIVE FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Abstract
This paper presents a review and analysis of the current state of using electric traction drives (ETDs) in autonomous vehicles (AVs). It is shown that ETDs are mostly used as part of hybrid power propulsion installations for vehicles (HPPIs), as well as the main power installation of electric vehicles that have been emerging in recent years. The application of hybrid power propulsion installations involves the need to incorporate energy storage devices in the form of electrochemical batteries or upercapacitors. Various methods of charging the energy storage devices from a heat engine, solar cell panels, or fuel cells are described. The energy storage devices are also charged from the traction converter during its operation in a regenerative power braking mode. Nowadays, the use of hybrid power propulsion installations with a heat engine still remains the most promising avenue. The functional arrangements of various power propulsion systems are demonstrated and compared with one another. It is shown that in the absence of electric storage devices having satisfactory indicators in terms of energy capacity, weight, volume, and cost, seriestype HPPIs seem to be the most advisable choice for using in AVs. The developments of the department in the field of constructing vehicles with energy storage devices based on supercapacitors and a hybrid power installation with a heat engine are presented. The theoretical principles of phasor control of electric machines based on mathematical description of their models using integral functions of complex variables are considered. This will make it possible not only to generalize the results from analysis and simulation of processes in different electric machines, but also to significantly simplify and improve their control methods. An example of simulating a traction induction machine in the vehicle movement cycle in a standard driving span is given, and waveforms of the obtained results are presented. With an increase in capacity and power density of storage devices, it is possible to optimize the power propulsion installation with decreasing the heat engine power capacity.
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