Application of Virtual Inertia Technology as a Method for Integrating Solar and Wind Power Plants in Electric Power Systems (Taking China as an Example)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2025-1-42-53Keywords:
virtual inertia, virtual synchronous machine, virtual synchronous generator, GFM inverters, GFL inverters, virtual inertia systems, integration of renewable energy sourcesAbstract
Transformations in the global energy sector have led to the introduction of power electronics in power systems. With a significant share of renewable energy sources (over 15% of the total installed generation capacity) in the electric power system, a relative decrease in equivalent inertia is observed, as a result of which stability conditions and the disturbance damping quality deteriorate. One of the ways to solve these problems is the technology of providing virtual inertia. The use of this technology results in that renewable energy sources equipped with a power converter simulate an inertial response similar to that of a synchronous generator. Given that China is the leader in commissioning renewable energy facilities, such as photovoltaic and wind power plants, the use of virtual inertia systems is especially relevant for Chinese power systems. The application of virtual inertia systems in China is reviewed. Virtual inertia systems and their varieties (topology) are briefly characterized. The regulatory framework on the use of virtual inertia technology at energy facilities in China is considered, and the basic requirements for virtual inertia systems are defined. Fifteen energy projects involving the use of virtual inertia technology are analyzed; the characteristics of the projects are given; their application fields are defined, and technological effects from the use of this technology are determined. Based on the analysis results, it has been determined that virtual inertia systems are used in microgrids, energy storage systems, HVDC systems, and in the interconnected electric power system of China for integrating renewable energy sources. Virtual inertia systems in China are used for control of frequency, ensure stability of isolated power systems, perform smooth switchover of a microgrid from the isolated operation to operation in parallel with the interconnected power system, ensure active power balance during peak loads in networks with power shortages, and start-up of gas turbine stations. The virtual inertia technology development directions are shown.
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Для цитирования: Чжоу Х., Насыров Р.Р., Бурмейстер М.В. Применение технологии виртуальной инерции как метода интеграции солнечных и ветроэлектрических станций в энергосистемы на примере Китая // Вестник МЭИ. 2025. № 1. С. 42—53. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2025-1-42-53
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Конфликт интересов: авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов
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Ding M., Yang X. Control Strategies of Inverters Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid. J. Automation of Electric Power Systems. 2009;8:89—93. (in Chinese).
Lü Z., Zhong Q. Virtual Synchronous Generator and Its Applications in Micro-grid. J. Proc. CSEE. 2014;34(16):2591—2603. (in Chinese).
Burmeyster M.V., Berdyshev I.I., Bulatov R.V., Nasyrov R.R., Bakasova A.B. Investigation of the Influence of the Virtual Inertia System on the Stability of a PV Plant. Proc. VI Intern. Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). 2024:1—7.
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Chauhan P. e. a. Battery Energy Storage for Seamless Transitions of Wind Generator in Standalone Microgrid. J. IEEE Trans. Industry Appl. 2019;5(1):69—77.
Sun C. e. a. Virtual Synchronous Machine Control for Low-inertia Power System Considering Energy Storage Limitation. Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2019:6021—6028.
Zhu L., Yuan Z. Review of Frequency Support Control Methods for Asynchronous Interconnection System Based on VSC-HVDC. J. Electric Power Automation Equipment. 2019;39(2):84—92.
Guan M. e. a. Synchronous Generator Emulation Control Strategy for Voltage Source Converter (VSC) Stations. J. IEEE Trans. Power Systems. 2015;30(6):3093—3101
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For citation: Zhou H., Nаsyrov R.R., Burmeyster M.V. Application of Virtual Inertia Technology as a Method for Integrating Solar and Wind Power Plants in Electric Power Systems (Taking China as an Example). Bulletin of MPEI. 2025;1:42—53. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2025-1-41-52
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Conflict of interests: the authors declare no conflict of interest
