Foreign Experience of Statistical Research on Renewable Energy

Abstract

The relevance of creating statistics on renewable energy in Russia is confirmed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 117840 of June 30, 2022. It is pointed out that the reports of the Interstate Renewable Energy Agency Irena, the International Energy Agency IEA, and the International Expert Community REN 21 contain rather limited information on renewable energy sources in Russia. The results of the 19-year activity of the AGEE-Stat German Statistical Research Working Group are recommended. It is stated that with the growth of German GDP from 2005 to 2023 by a factor of 1.6, the consumption of energy resources decreased by 16% from 618.3 TWh in 2005 to 520.7 TWh in 2023. At the same time, the share of renewable energy (RE) in the fuel and energy balance increased from 10.3% in 2005 to 52.5% in 2023. The values of the production from all types of renewable energy in 2023 are presented (biomass – 251.2 TWh, wind – 139.5 TWh, solar – 72.7 TWh, geothermal – 25.8 TWh, and hydraulic – 19.9 TWh) with distribution by electric generation, heat generation, and fuel. The structure of the types of renewable generation in the total fuel and energy balance of Germany in 2023 is given: electric generation – 273.2 TWh (53.6%), heat generation – 192.8 TWh (37.7%), and transport – 44.4 TWh (8.7%). For electric generation, the values of installed capacities and output for individual renewable energy sources in 2023 are indicated, with the predominance of SES – 82.8 GW; 63.6 TWh and WPP – 69.5 GW; 140.6 TWh. In heat generation, the predominance of solid fuel combustion was noted – 133 TWh. In geothermal heat generation, the leading role was played by heat pumping units for surface geothermal energy and the environment (25.6 TWh). In solar heat generation, with a total installed capacity of 15.7 GW, the thermal energy production amounted to 9.1 TWh. The structure of biofuels for transport with a predominance of biodiesel – 25.7 TWh and bioethanol – 9.1 TWh is shown. Brief information is given about the complex of scientific organizations in Germany consisting of nine universities and 15 centers of the Union for Renewable Energy Research. With R&D financing in 2023 amounted to 591.2 million euro and investments amounted to 37.3 billion euro, the economic gain from their implementation amounted to 23.2 billion euro.