The Operating Modes of Turbines with Counter-rotating Cascades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2026-2-94-101Keywords:
birotative turbine, turbine counter-rotation, turbine, turbocharger, gas turbine engine, gas turbine unit, birotativity, turbine losses, profile losses, multimode operationAbstract
One of the main challenges engineers face in designing turbines is how to improve the turbine unit internal efficiency. Typically, this is achieved by increasing the gas temperature at the turbine inlet, improving the cooling systems, and using better materials of which the turbine is manufactured. However, since the modern power facilities have reached a high degree of maturity, attempts to improve the efficiency in these ways even by a few percent entail very high capital investments. Thus, the median efficiency value of up-to-date gas turbine units is increased on the average by 2.9% every decade. Accordingly, other design solutions for turbines, in particular, designs with counter-rotating turbocharger spools (or turbocharger birotativity) can be regarded as very promising ones. The article examines the feasibility of applying the technology of turbines with counter-rotating cascades taking aircraft gas turbine engines as an example. Optimization calculations were carried out on quasi 2D mathematical models of the gas flow inside the turbine flow path for three different design arrangements and two different classes of gas turbine engines. Based on the data obtained, graphic dependences of the efficiency as a function of reactivity degree and flow entry angle into the stage considered were drawn. Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions have been drawn. The application of the turbine cascade counter-rotation technology without a guide vane as part of a multistage turbine results in a slight decrease in the efficiency (by approximately 0.5%). At the same time, this results in a fairly significant reduction in the turbine mass and overall dimensions (by approximately 5%). For a turbine with a small number of stages, the use of the birotative turbine arrangement with the counter-rotating cascade first stage equipped with a guide vane can increase the turbine efficiency by up to 2%, with reducing the number of blades in the first counter-rotation stage by 21%. The data obtained can be useful in designing advanced turbines for both ground-based and aircraft applications at the preliminary design and product selection stages.
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Для цитирования: Волков Е.А., Барсков В.В. Исследование режимов работы турбин, использующих конструкцию противовращения каскадов // Вестник МЭИ. 2026. № 2. С. 94—101. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2026-2-94-101
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Конфликт интересов: авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов
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For citation: Volkov E.A., Barskov V.V. The Operating Modes of Turbines with Counter-rotating Cascades. Bulletin of MPEI. 2026;2:94—101. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2026-2-94-101
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Conflict of interests: the authors declare no conflict of interest
