A Comparative Analysis of the Electricity Load Profiles of Some European and Asian Countries. Part 1. Annual Profiles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2023-3-40-48Keywords:
climatic zones, annual electricity load profiles, electricity consumption profile, electricity consumption structure, household electricity consumptionAbstract
Nowadays, new technologies are intensely introduced in the electric power industry. Thus, at the level of electrical distribution networks, these are distributed generation based on renewable energy sources, electricity storage devices, electric vehicles, etc. Developed countries have adopted a policy toward reducing the mankind’s carbon footprint, also by optimizing the power consumption. In developing countries, a significant growth of electricity consumption and electrification of the population is seen. To select adequate solutions, it is necessary to know the description of power consumption processes in the form of electricity load profiles.
The article presents an overview of statistical data on the dynamics of annual electricity consumption in the power systems of various countries, the results of monitoring the annual electricity consumption by individual households in Western Europe and articles in periodicals. The annual electricity load profiles in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, and Portugal are given. For each of the electricity load profiles, the primary source of information is specified.
In the second part of the article, daily electricity load profiles will be addressed.
In the annual context, the electricity consumption dynamics is primarily governed by the climatic zone, the changes of seasons, and by the extent to which the households and office buildings locating in the tropical and subtropical climate are provided with air conditioners. In Southeast Asia countries, the annual maximum of electricity load is observed in May. In Central Asia countries and in the most of European countries, the annual maximum electricity load falls on December - January, and the minimum - on the summer months. In the Middle East countries located in the tropical zone, the annual maximum electricity load falls on the summer period; in Southern Europe and Middle East countries belonging to the subtropical zone, the annual maximum load falls on December-January, but in the summer period, a growth of electricity consumption compared with the autumn-spring period is observed.
The results of the review and the selected primary sources can be useful as source information on the electricity consumption processes for various studies in the electric power industry field.
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Для цитирования: Йе Хтут Мьят, Шведов Г.В. Сравнительный анализ графиков электрической нагрузки некоторых стран Европы и Азии. Ч. 1. Годовые графики // Вестник МЭИ. 2023. № 3. С. 40—48. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2023-3-40-48.
#
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For citation: Ye Htut Myat, Shvedov G.V. A Comparative Analysis of the Electricity Load Profiles of Some European and Asian Countries. Part 1. Annual Profiles. Bulletin of MPEI. 2023;3:40—48. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2023-3-40-48.
2. Йе Хтут Мьят, Шведов Г.В. Графики электрической нагрузки на различных иерархических уровнях электроэнергетической системы Республики Союз Мьянмы // Энергосбережение – теория и практика: Труды XI Всерос. конф. с междунар. участием М., 2022. С. 37—40.
3. Chanhsamone Phongoudome. Overview of Energy Development in Lao PDR. [Электрон. ресурс] https://ir3s.ifi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/3e-nexus/pdf/011416/session3-2_Maria.pdf (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
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5. Энергоэкономическая модель Таиланда [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.eeseaec.org/energoekonomiceskaa-model-tailanda (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
6. Su Wutyi Hnin, Chawalit Jeenanunta. Short-term Electricity Load Forecasting in Thailand: an Analysis on Different Input Variables // Proc. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2018. V. 192. P. 012040
7. Apisit Panyafong, Nattawut Neamsorn, Chatchawan Chaichana. Heat Load Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network // Energy Rep. 2020. V. 6. Pp. 742—747.
8. Таваров С.Ш. Рекомендации норм электропотребления для городов на основе разработанного метода прогнозирования на примере Республики Таджикистан // Научно-технический, информационно-аналитический и учебно-методический журнал. 2021. № 1(97). С. 32—39.
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10. Сидоров А.И., Таваров С.Ш. Нормирование электропотребления республики Таджикистан с учетом климатических особенностей Региона // Энергия единой сети. 2019. № 3(45). С. 71—75.
11. Strengthening Power System Security in Kyrgyzstan: a Roadmap. June 2022 [Электрон. ресурс] https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/e3dc71d9-a1f8-40bf-a6d6-b7b4ed9fa37a/StrengtheningPowerSystemSecurityinKyrgyzstan_ARoadmap.pdf (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
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13. Balabanyan A., Hofer K., Finn J. Keeping Warm: Urban Heating Options in the Kyrgyz Republic. Summary Rep. 2015 [Электрон. ресурс] http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/555021468011161504/Keeping-warm-urban-heating-options-in-the-Kyrgyz-Republic-summary-report (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
14. The State of the Kyrgyz Energy Sector. The World Bank. 2018. [Электрон. ресурс] http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic/brief/energy-sector (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
15. Felimban A, Prieto A, Knaack U, Klein T, Qaffas Y. Assessment of Current Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia // Buildings. 2019. V. 9(7). P. 163.
16. Alshahrani J., Boait P. Reducing High Energy Demand Associated with Air-Conditioning Needs in Saudi Arabia // Energies. 2019. V. 12(1). P. 87.
17. Hijazi J., Howieson S. Displacing Air Conditioning in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an Evaluation of ‘Fabric First’ Design Integrated with Hybrid Night Radiant and Ground Pipe Cooling Systems // Building Services Engineering Research and Technol. 2018. V. 39(4). Pp. 377—390.
18. Annual Statistical Booklet for Electricity and Seawater Desalination Industries [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.slideshare.net/PowerSystemOperation/annual-statistical-booklet-for-electricity-saudi-arabia-2019 (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
19. Мазурова О.В., Гальперова Е.В., Локтионов В.И. Перспективная оценка спроса на электроэнергию в РФ и регионах с учетом углубленной электрификации // Экономика региона. 2022. Т. 18. Вып. 2. С. 528—541.
20. Макоклюев Б.И. Тенденции электропотребления энергосистем России // Энергия единой сети. 2019. № 5(47). С. 56—64.
21. Макоклюев Б.И. Особенности и тенденции потребления электроэнергии в энергосистемах России // Энергия единой сети. 2017. № 5(34). С. 65—76.
22. Bailey I., de Groot J., Whitehead I., Vantoch-Wood A., Connor P. National Policy Framework for Marine Renewable Energy within the United Kingdom [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271270234 (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
23. Energy Trends UK. Section 5: Electricity [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
24. Knight I., Kreutzer N., Manning M., Swinton M., Ribberink H. European and Canadian non-HVAC Electric and DHW Load Profiles for Use in Simulating the Performance of Residential Cogeneration Systems. A Report of Subtask A of FC+COGEN-SIM the Simulation of Building-integrated Fuel Cell and Other Cogeneration Systems. Annex 42 of the Intern. Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme. Government of Canada, 2008.
25. The Swedish Electricity and Natural Gas Market [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.ei.se/download/18.c87a6d817ce9d34579beee/1636974505777/Sweden%27s-electricity-and-natural-gas-market-2020-Ei-R2021-10.pdf (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
26. Tang O., Rehme J., Cerin P., Huisingh D. Hydrogen Production in the Swedish Power Sector: Considering Operational Volatilities and Long-term Uncertainties // Energy Policy. 2021. V. 148(Pt. B). P. 111990.
27. Энергетический профиль Германии [Электрон. ресурс] https://www.eeseaec.org/energeticeskij-profil-germanii (дата обращения 25.01.2023).
28. Crespo L. STE Plants: Beyond Dispatch Ability Firmness of Supply and Integration with VRE // Energy Proc. 2015. V. 69. Pp. 1241—1248
29. Carlsson J. e. a. 2014. Conceptual Evaluation of Hybrid Energy System Comprising Wind-biomass-Nuclear Plants for Load Balancing and for Production of Renewable Synthetic Transport Fuels // Proc. HTR 2014. P. 21431.
30. Minucci, A.S., Ferreira, Â.P., Fernandes, P.O. Impact of the Increase in Electric Vehicles on Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions in Portugal // Proc. Computational Sci. and Its Appl. Cagliary, 2020. Pt. 3. Pp. 521—537.
31. Santos M.J., Ferreira P., Araújo M.T. Analysis of Sources of Risk and Uncertainties in the Electricity System // Proc. II Intern. Conf. on Energy and Environment: bringing together Eng. and Economics. Portugal, 2015.
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Для цитирования: Йе Хтут Мьят, Шведов Г.В. Сравнительный анализ графиков электрической нагрузки некоторых стран Европы и Азии. Ч. 1. Годовые графики // Вестник МЭИ. 2023. № 3. С. 40—48. DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2023-3-40-48.
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For citation: Ye Htut Myat, Shvedov G.V. A Comparative Analysis of the Electricity Load Profiles of Some European and Asian Countries. Part 1. Annual Profiles. Bulletin of MPEI. 2023;3:40—48. (in Russian). DOI: 10.24160/1993-6982-2023-3-40-48.
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Published
2023-02-14
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Section
Electric Power Industry (Technical Sciences) (2.4.3)
